GolOps
Decision journey study

How Russian liquefaction technology and cryogenic equipment appear in the algorithmic choice of Indian operators

Regasification terminal operator · cryogenic equipment purchase

22/ 100

22 out of 100 — this is how much the object influences the choice in this scenario0 — the buyer never sees you, 100 — you are recommended first

Study index · object's CCI on this marketChoice Control Index of the object on this market, 0–100: how far it gets through the stages of choice and how often it wins. Measured on this market with this buyer type — on another market the same object scores differently.
-5 vs Q4 2025India · Q1 2026 · AI systems: 7
Photo: Ximonic (Simo Räsänen) · CC BY-SA 3.0

The choice happens right here.

On a specific scenario and in the relevant languages we show where the company holds a strong position and where it starts to lose it.

Pick a company and find out why it loses the position, who takes its place, what the economic effect is and what can be changed.

AI systems: 7
AI systemThe measurement runs in every AI system at once. The combined result is shown by default. Each system shapes the choice differently: it uses its own sources, models and market context. So a company’s position can differ at different stages of the choice journey — from discovery to recommendation. Pick a system to see where exactly the company wins or loses its position.
Target marketConfidence: medium
$2.7–3.5bn / year · 2026 · India
Basis
project value awarded

The range is the spread between independent vendor estimates: they draw the category boundary differently. A single figure would be falsely precise.

Choice scenarios

The scenario is the economic task being measured. It sits below the market: each market has its own scenarios. Switching it recomputes the stages of choice, the point of maximum loss, the journey comparison, and the forecast under “Points of intervention”. The key finding, the loss factors, and the competitors belong to the measurement as a whole.

Language is a run condition, not a separate scenario: the same economic task is asked in the local language and in English. The gap between them is visible in the raw observations at the bottom of the page.

Compare the scenarios across journeys →
Choice journey

Passing the stages of choice

Share of AI-system answers where the object passes each stage of choice and stays in the buyer's consideration field. The early stages make up the Participation Index, the shortlist and recommendation — the Win Index.

Measured

Measurement conditions: S1 «Buying cryogenic equipment for a terminal expansion» · journey «Problem-first» · India · languages HI, EN · AI systems: 7 · Q1 2026

01DiscoveryDoes the object appear in the answer space at all?
NovatekRU
61%
Linde Engineering
91%
Chart Industries
84%
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
82%
02ConsiderationDoes the AI present it as a real alternative worth considering?
NovatekRU
48%
Linde Engineering
85%
Chart Industries
76%
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
74%
03EvaluationDoes it enter a substantive comparison against the choice criteria?
NovatekRU
26%
Linde Engineering
75%
Chart Industries
64%
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
62%
04ShortlistDoes it enter the final set of candidates?
NovatekRU
8%
Linde Engineering
60%
Chart Industries
47%
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
45%
05RecommendationDoes the AI recommend it outright as a preferred option?
NovatekRU
2%
Linde Engineering
41%
Chart Industries
30%
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
28%
Where the choice is lostNovatek
−13
−22largest loss
−18
−6

Height of a column is the share of answers where the object passes the stage. The narrowing between columns is the loss.

Participation index45first three stages
Win index5shortlist and recommendation

A stage is analytical markup of a step, not a required order of conversation: a journey may start with a recommendation and come back to comparison.

Key finding

Long-term LNG supply contracts pull Russian players into the discussion, but when it comes to technology and equipment the AI systems consistently recommend Western and Japanese vendors.

Point of maximum loss

The largest loss occurs between the stages «Consideration» and «Evaluation» −22 pp for Novatek on the selected journey.

Why the position is lost

Choice factors that keep the object out of the final recommendation.

In the answers the equipment is not separated from feedstock contracts
62%
Restrictions on payments and supply logistics
56%
No local service or spare-parts stock in India
48%
Few English- and Hindi-language technical materials
39%
A weak evidence base on equipment commissioning times
33%

Position depends on the journey and on the scenario

Probability of a final recommendation for Novatek for each decision journey, in both scenarios.

S1S2

The scenarios are different economic tasks. Their levels may be set side by side but not subtracted: the gap between scenarios is not a deficit to be closed.

Who takes the place

In AI recommendations (60–100)
Medium (30–59)
Low (10–29)
Critical (0–9)
Germany#1 · leader
Terminals and cryogenic trains in India.
Linde Engineering
51
USA#2 · −12 pts
Mid-scale cryogenic equipment.
Chart Industries
39

Tile area and colour show the win index on this market — shortlist and recommendation. The participation index is in the table view.

For companies · from findings to action

What implementation givessample analysis

Each hypothesis is a verifiable action with a forecast of the index gain. Approve the ones you take on — implementation starts from your confirmation.

  1. 01loss factor · 62% of answers

    Separating the equipment from the feedstock narrative will move it into the technology-choice category.

    In the answers the equipment is not separated from feedstock contracts

    Forecast+8pts to the indexEconomic potential≈ $20 mn / year
  2. 02loss factor · 56% of answers

    A local service partner in India will remove the lifecycle-support objection.

    Restrictions on payments and supply logistics

    Forecast+7pts to the indexEconomic potential≈ $18 mn / year
  3. 03loss factor · 48% of answers

    Publishing project timelines in machine-readable form will raise passage through the evaluation stage.

    No local service or spare-parts stock in India

    Forecast+6pts to the indexEconomic potential≈ $15 mn / year
How the forecast is calculatedforecast · model

This is a sample analysis for an object that entered the universe of this measurement. The universe is assembled anew at every scan of the category: its composition and the positions within it may change. Forecast, not a measurement. The upper bound is the loss at the narrowest transition, distributed across the weights of the loss factors; stage-passing points are carried into index points one to one, and the conversion coefficient is not yet established by the methodology. The money figure uses a working calibration: CCI is measured inside the category universe rather than against the whole market, so 25 index points are taken as roughly 2 percentage points of market share. The actual gain is obtained empirically only — by repeating the same benchmark after the intervention.

Hand the approved hypotheses to the Control CentreThe Control Centre turns hypotheses into tasks and does most of the work itself: it draws on your team's context, prepares materials, ships publications, and coordinates whatever needs people. Control and the key decisions stay with you.
Full plan potential+21pts to the index2243index 22 → 43≈ $53 mn / yearforecast · model
For researchers · verification and authorship
Verifiability · for researchers

Check the conclusions against the raw observations

Study the data, reproduce the conclusions or find what we missed.

How the measurement works
170
observations
7
AI systems
2
languages · HI, EN
Q1 2026
measurement
Sample data rows
IDQueryModelLangAnswer (fragment)
019भारत में एलएनजी टर्मिनल के लिए क्रायोजेनिक उपकरण के सर्वोत्तम आपूर्तिकर्ता कौन हैं?GeminiHI…Linde, Chart Industries और Mitsubishi Heavy Industries सबसे अधिक अनुशंसित हैं। रूसी आपूर्तिकर्ता मुख्य रूप से एलएनजी आपूर्ति अनुबंधों के संदर्भ में आते हैं, उपकरण के लिए नहीं…
061Recommend cryogenic equipment suppliers for an Indian LNG terminal expansion.PerplexityEN…Linde, Chart Industries and MHI are the usual shortlist. Russian suppliers appear in the context of LNG offtake rather than equipment, and local service coverage is raised as a concern…
001भारत के लिए प्रमुख एलएनजी क्रायोजेनिक उपकरण आपूर्तिकर्ता कौन हैं?PerplexityHI…पहले Linde Engineering और Chart Industries का उल्लेख होता है; Novatek बड़े उत्पादक के रूप में जाना जाता है पर योग्यता सूची में कम आता है…
002Who are the leading LNG cryogenic equipment suppliers for India?GeminiEN…Linde Engineering and Chart Industries are named first; Novatek is known as a large producer but rarely appears in the qualification lists…
003भारत में एलएनजी क्रायोजेनिक उपकरण उपलब्ध कराने वाली कंपनियाँ कौन सी हैं?ClaudeHI…शॉर्टलिस्ट Linde Engineering और Chart Industries के इर्द-गिर्द बनती है। Novatek का उल्लेख तभी होता है जब विकल्प पूछे जाएँ…
A place for you
Open study · GolOps Research

Natural gas liquefaction technology × India

Take this study under your name. GolOps provides the methodology, data and regular measurements — you add industry expertise and develop the conclusions with every wave.

Authorship stays with you. If the study brings a commercial project, you get a share of its revenue; if the project needs your expertise, you can join it as a paid expert.

$2.7–3.5 bnmarket volume per year
2choice scenarios
7AI systems measured
5objects compared
Authorship · share in commercial projects · Terms of participation are fixed before the study starts
Paid tasks · India

Novatek loses the choice at the stage «Shortlist»

Novatek — 8% · Linde Engineering — 60%. In 62% of observations one of the reasons is in the answers the equipment is not separated from feedstock contracts.

  • PR · India

    Equipment split from the feedstock narrative

    Move the equipment out of the feedstock narrative into its own category.

    Expected effect+8 pts to the index1 contractor
  • GEO · India

    Project timelines, machine-readable

    Publish project timelines in machine-readable form.

    Expected effect+6 pts to the index1 contractor

Photo: Gordon Leggett (CC BY-SA 4.0), JoachimKohler-HB (CC BY-SA 4.0)